Heart disease is the major cause of deaths in USA. There are many types of heart diseases and most common heart disease is Coronary Heart Disease where coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked.

Cardiac arrest refers to the disruption of heart function that is the malfunction of electrical system of the heart. Often, heart attack mistakenly refers to cardiac arrest, but heart attacks are caused by a blockage that stops the blood supply to the heart.

The pediatric cardiology termed as the study that provides diagnosis and management of congenital and acquired heart disease in infants, children, and adolescents. Congenital heart defect is a condition present at birth that affects the way heart works. According to the survey, in the year 2010, 1 million children and 1.4 million adults have been diagnosed with heart disease in USA.

Geriatric cardiology deals with the study of cardiovascular disorders in elderly people. The most common heart disease that is being a mortality in old people is Coronary heart disease (CHD). Vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and peripheral arterial disease cause significant morbidity and mortality in aged people. In 2005, around 4 lakhs people died due to CHD in USA of which 85% were in the age group above 65 years.

Cardiac nursing is a specialty nursing in which nurses will work with the patients affected by various heart diseases. Cardiac nurses help in treating the conditions like unstable angina, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction and cardiac dysrhythmia under the guidance of a cardiologists. They care for patients those who are recovering from cardiac procedures such as bypass, angioplasty, or pacemaker surgery. Cardiac nurses must have basic Life Support and Advanced Cardiac Life Support certification.

Cardiovascular research extensively involves the research aspects in the field of cardiology, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, heart attack, impairment of function of cardiac valves and congenital heart diseases. This conference will be platform for postgraduate students to conduct work in the fields of cardiology, angiology, hypertension and cardiac and vascular surgery.

One of main causes of cardiac arrest is Hypertension. The excess strain or hypertension causes the narrowing of arteries that supply blood to heart and causes deposition of fat and cholesterol, thereby causing Heart attack or stroke. The common symptom of heart attack is chest pain.

Cardiac Surgery is a division of medicine that deals with the surgery of heart by cardiac surgeons. It is mainly implemented for complex heart problems. Cardiac surgery also includes Heart Transplantation. The cardiac surgeries include Aortic surgery, Aortic valve surgery, Congenital heart surgery, Left ventricular assist device (LVAD), Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

Heart regeneration is a broad effort that aims to repair irreversibly damaged heart tissue with techniques like stem cell and cell-free therapy. Reparative tools have been engineered to restore damaged heart tissue and function using the body's natural ability to regenerate.

Stroke occurs when the supply of blood to the brain is either interrupted or reduced. When this happens, the brain does not get enough oxygen or nutrients, which causes brain cells to die.

Some stroke risk factors can’t be controlled. These include gender, age and family history. However, many stroke risk factors are lifestyle related. Everyone can reduce their risk of having a stroke by making a few simple lifestyle changes. There are some races and ethnic origins that are more prone to stroke than others. This includes those of Asian, African or Caribbean origin.

The goal for the acute management of patients with stroke is to stabilize the patient and to complete initial evaluation and assessment, including imaging and laboratory studies, within 60 minutes of patient arrival. Critical decisions focus on the need for intubation, blood pressure control, and determination of risk or benefit for thrombolytic intervention. Hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia need to be identified and treated early in the evaluation.

The best way to prevent a stroke is to address the underlying causes. This is best done by living healthfully, which means Eating a healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight, Exercise regularly, Avoiding alcohol or drink moderately.

Stroke is the main cause of death in children in USA and the most paediatric stroke survivors will be suffering from neurological or cognitive impairments. Because of the plasticity of the brains of children, they recover faster than adults. A stroke survivor may be diagnosed with Epilepsy.

Based on the cause of the stroke, the treatments will be decided by the physicians. Constraint therapy is an old therapy, but it is now extensively used in the paediatric stroke rehabilitation. If the stroke is caused by the blockage, then blood thinning medications will be given. If stroke happens due to Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), then an immediate blood transfusion will be performed.

A physiotherapist can help with movement problems such as weakness or paralysis, spasticity (a stiffness that develops in the muscles after stroke) or muscle spasms.  The therapist will assess and design a programme to improve muscle strength (which can reduce the risk of spasticity) and movement.

Nurses play a pivotal role in all phases of care of the stroke patient. Some of the nurse caring plans are Ineffective Cerebral Tissue Perfusion, Impaired Physical Mobility, Impaired Verbal Communication, Disturbed Sensory Perception, Ineffective Coping, Self-Care Deficit, Risk for Impaired Swallowing. Nurses may work as emergency medical technician (EMT) and paramedics, radio providers of online medical control to emergency medical services (EMS) personnel from base stations, and educators who teach EMS personnel about stroke and the care of stroke patients.

Nurse Interventions are monitoring major signs in patients such as monitoring blood pressure, comparing BP reading in both arms, heart rate, rhythm and murmurs. There also monitor Respirations, noting patterns and rhythm, Cheyne-Stokes respiration.

The long-term goal of rehabilitation is to improve function so that the stroke survivor can become as independent as possible. This must be accomplished in a way that preserves dignity and motivates the survivor to relearn basic skills that the stroke may have impaired - skills like bathing, eating, dressing and walking. Rehabilitation starts in the hospital as soon as possible following a stroke. The rehab team includes Physiatrist, Neurologist, Rehabilitation Nurse, Physical Therapist, Occupational Therapist and Speech-Language Pathologists.

Brain Haemorrhage is one of the types of Stroke.  It is caused by internal bleeding of brain and eventually it kills the brain cells. Brain Haemorrhage is otherwise known as Cerebral haemorrhages, intracranial haemorrhages, or intracerebral haemorrhages. They occur for about 13% of strokes.

Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease aren’t the same. Dementia is an overall term used to describe symptoms that impact memory, performance of daily activities, and communication abilities. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia. Alzheimer’s disease gets worse with time and affects memory, language, and thought. Dementia is a syndrome, not a disease. A syndrome is a group of symptoms that doesn’t have a definitive diagnosis. Dementia is a group of symptoms that affects mental cognitive tasks such as memory and reasoning. Dementia is an umbrella term that Alzheimer’s disease can fall under. It can occur due to a variety of conditions, the most common of which is Alzheimer’s disease.

Neuroscience is a branch of study that deals with the anatomy, biochemistry, molecular biology, and physiology of neurons and neural circuits. The scope of neuroscience has broadened over time to include different approaches used to study the molecular, cellular, developmental, structural, functional, evolutionary, computational, psychosocial and medical aspects of the nervous system.

The tools used for imaging Nerve are Positron Emission Tomography(PET), Diffusion Tensor imaging(DTI), Magnetic Resonance Neurography(MRN), Computerized Tomography(CT), Plain X Ray. MRN is the advanced technique used to image Peripheral Nerve for the diagnosis of any disorder in the Nerves and Neuromuscular diseases. It can image any Nerves in the body and are commonly used for the diagnosis of Nerve disorder in Brachial Plexus.

Neurophysiology is a branch of physiology and neuroscience that is concerned with the study of the functioning of the nervous system. The primary tools of basic neurophysiological research include electrophysiological recordings, such as patch clamp, voltage clamp, extracellular single-unit recording and recording of local field potentials, as well as some of the methods of calcium imaging, optogenetics, and molecular biology.

Neurodegeneration is the process of loss of structure and function of neurons which is the building blocks of Nervous System. These diseases will bring adverse effect on our body’s functions including breathing and Heartbeat. The causes of neurodegeneration include toxins, viruses and chemicals and some medical conditions also namely alcoholism, a tumor or a stroke. Many of the neurodegenerative diseases are genetic. Depending on the type of the disease, it can be serious or life- threating. 

Clinical trials and research are an important part in the department of Neurology. This clinical trial will lead to new discovery that eventually improve the patient health. Clinical trials allow researchers to study new treatment options, drugs or combinations of treatments to determine if they can be integrated into a standard practice of care. A list of active clinical trials is provided below. Many research trials have been conducted in each department of neurology to ensure the safety and advancement of patient care.