Neuro Oncology and Brain tumor

Definition:
NeuroOncology:
A specialized field of medicine focusing on the diagnosis and treatment of brain and spinal cord tumors.
Brain Tumor: An abnormal growth of cells within the brain, which can be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Types of Brain Tumors:
Primary Tumors:
Originate in the brain (e.g., gliomas, meningiomas, astrocytomas).
Secondary Tumors: Metastatic tumors that spread to the brain from other body parts (e.g., lung, breast cancers).

Symptoms:
Headaches, seizures, nausea, vomiting, changes in vision, balance issues, and cognitive or personality changes.

Diagnosis:
Neurological exams, imaging tests (MRI, CT scans), and biopsy to determine tumor type and grade.

Grading of Tumors:
Tumors are graded from I (least aggressive) to IV (most aggressive) based on their growth rate and appearance under a microscope.

Treatment Options:
Surgery:
Often the first line of treatment to remove the tumor.
Radiation Therapy: Used to destroy tumor cells or shrink tumors.
Chemotherapy: Medications used to target cancer cells, often in conjunction with surgery or radiation.

Emerging Treatments:
Targeted Therapy:
Drugs that target specific pathways involved in tumor growth.
Immunotherapy: Treatments that boost the body's immune response against tumors.
Clinical Trials: Ongoing research for new treatment options.

Supportive Care:
Palliative care to manage symptoms and improve quality of life, along with rehabilitation services for cognitive and physical challenges.

Prognosis:
Varies based on tumor type, grade, location, and patient factors; early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. Regular followups are essential for monitoring recurrence.

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